蔡女昔造胡笳聲，一彈一十有八拍《聽董大彈胡笳兼寄語弄房給事》李頎

《聽董大彈胡笳兼寄語弄房給事》

【原文】

蔡女昔造胡笳聲，一彈一十有八拍。

胡人落淚沾邊草，漢使斷腸對歸客。

古戍蒼蒼烽火寒，大荒陰沉飛雪白。

先拂商弦後角羽，四郊秋葉驚摵摵。

董夫子，通神明，深松竊聽來妖精。

言遲更速皆應手，將往復旋如有情。

空山百鳥散還合，萬里浮雲陰且晴。

嘶酸雛雁失群夜，斷絕胡兒戀母聲。

川為淨其波，鳥亦罷其鳴。

烏珠部落家鄉遠，邏娑沙塵哀怨生。

幽音變調忽飄灑，長風吹林雨墮瓦。

迸泉颯颯飛木末，野鹿呦呦走堂下。

長安城邊東掖垣，鳳凰池對青瑣門。

高才脫略名與利，日夕望君抱琴至。

《聽董大彈胡笳兼寄語弄房給事》註釋

註釋:

１、蔡女：蔡琰（文姬）。

２、拍：樂曲的段落。

３、商弦、角羽：古以宮商角徵羽為五音。

４、：葉落聲，喻琴聲。

５、邏娑：今西藏拉薩市。

６、東掖垣：房任給事中，屬門下省。

７、鳳凰池：鳳池，因接近皇帝之故而得此名。

【簡析】：

這首詩也是寫聽琴的，從胡笳十八拍引起許多聯想，充滿邊塞風情和歷史回聲。以視覺來寫聽覺，借助許多形象來表達自己的主觀感受，是詩中常用的手法。因為詩是呈送房琯給事中的，所以結尾是對他的讚美，題雖雲弄（戲）實際是借聽琴來稱讚房琯，表現了文人的心計。

ON HEARING DONG PLAY THE FLAGEOLET

A POEM TO PALACE-ATTENDANT FANG

When this melody for the flageolet was made by Lady Cai,

When long ago one by one she sang its eighteen stanzas,

Even the Tartars were shedding tears into the border grasses,

And the envoy of China was heart-broken, turning back home with his escort.

...Cold fires now of old battles are grey on ancient forts,

And the wilderness is shadowed with white new-flying snow.

...When the player first brushes the Shang string and the Jue and then the Yu,

Autumn-leaves in all four quarters are shaken with a murmur.

Dong, the master,

Must have been taught in heaven.

Demons come from the deep pine-wood and stealthily listen

To music slow, then quick, following his hand,

Now far away, now near again, according to his heart.

A hundred birds from an empty mountain scatter and return;

Three thousand miles of floating clouds darken and lighten;

A wildgoose fledgling, left behind, cries for its flock,

And a Tartar child for the mother he loves.

Then river waves are calmed

And birds are mute that were singing,

And Wuzu tribes are homesick for their distant land,

And out of the dust of Siberian steppes rises a plaintive sorrow.

...Suddenly the low sound leaps to a freer tune,

Like a long wind swaying a forest, a downpour breaking tiles,

A cascade through the air, flying over tree-tops.

...A wild deer calls to his fellows. He is running among the mansions

In the corner of the capital by the Eastern Palace wall....

Phoenix Lake lies opposite the Gate of Green Jade;

But how can fame and profit concern a man of genius?

Day and night I long for him to bring his lute again.